Control flow statements dictate the order in which the code is executed. Python provides conditional statements, loops, and control modifiers to manage program flow.

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1. Conditional Statements

Conditional statements execute different blocks of code based on specific conditions.

if Statement

Executes a block of code if a condition is true.

x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")

if…else Statement

Executes one block of code if the condition is true, otherwise another block.

x = 3
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
else:
    print("x is not greater than 5")

if…elif…else Statement

Checks multiple conditions.

x = 7
if x > 10:
    print("x is greater than 10")
elif x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5 but not more than 10")
else:
    print("x is 5 or less")

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2. Loops

Loops allow you to execute a block of code repeatedly.

for Loop

Used to iterate over a sequence (list, tuple, string, etc.).

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

while Loop

Executes a block of code as long as a condition is true.

count = 0
while count < 5:
    print("Count is", count)
    count += 1

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3. Loop Control Statements

Control statements modify the behavior of loops.

break Statement

Exits the loop immediately.

for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break
    print(i)

continue Statement

Skips the current iteration and moves to the next.

for i in range(10):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        continue
    print(i)  # Prints odd numbers

pass Statement

Does nothing and is used as a placeholder.

for i in range(5):
    if i == 3:
        pass  # Placeholder for future code
    print(i)

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4. Nested Control Flow

You can nest if statements and loops for more complex logic.

Nested if

x = 8
if x > 5:
    if x % 2 == 0:
        print("x is greater than 5 and even")

Nested Loops

for i in range(3):
    for j in range(2):
        print(f"i: {i}, j: {j}")

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5. Example: Combining Control Flow

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

for num in numbers:
    if num % 2 == 0:
        print(f"{num} is even")
    else:
        print(f"{num} is odd")

Control flow structures help in building logic and managing the execution path of a program effectively.