Operators are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values. Python supports various types of operators to handle different operations.

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1. Arithmetic Operators

Used for basic mathematical operations.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	5 + 3 = 8
-	Subtraction	5 - 3 = 2
*	Multiplication	5 * 3 = 15
/	Division	5 / 2 = 2.5
%	Modulus (Remainder)	5 % 2 = 1
**	Exponentiation (Power)	5 ** 2 = 25
//	Floor Division	5 // 2 = 2

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2. Comparison Operators

Used to compare values, returning True or False.

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to	5 == 5 → True
!=	Not equal to	5 != 3 → True
>	Greater than	5 > 3 → True
<	Less than	5 < 3 → False
>=	Greater than or equal to	5 >= 5 → True
<=	Less than or equal to	5 <= 3 → False

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3. Logical Operators

Used to combine conditional statements.

Operator	Description	Example
and	Returns True if both are true	(5 > 3 and 2 < 4) → True
or	Returns True if one is true	(5 > 3 or 2 > 4) → True
not	Reverses the result	not(5 > 3) → False

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4. Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assign	x = 5
+=	Add and assign	x += 3 → x = 8
-=	Subtract and assign	x -= 2 → x = 6
*=	Multiply and assign	x *= 2 → x = 12
/=	Divide and assign	x /= 3 → x = 4
//=	Floor divide and assign	x //= 2 → x = 2
%=	Modulus and assign	x %= 2 → x = 0
**=	Exponent and assign	x **= 2 → x = 25

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5. Bitwise Operators

Used to perform operations on binary numbers.

Operator	Description	Example
&	AND	5 & 3 → 1
`	`	OR
^	XOR	5 ^ 3 → 6
~	NOT	~5 → -6
<<	Left shift	5 << 1 → 10
>>	Right shift	5 >> 1 → 2

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6. Membership Operators

Used to test membership in a sequence like a list or string.

Operator	Description	Example
in	Returns True if value is found	"a" in "apple" → True
not in	Returns True if value is not found	"x" not in "apple" → True

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7. Identity Operators

Used to compare memory locations of two objects.

Operator	Description	Example
is	Returns True if same object	x is y → True
is not	Returns True if different objects	x is not y → True

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Examples:

# Arithmetic
a, b = 10, 3
print(a + b)  # Output: 13
print(a % b)  # Output: 1

# Comparison
print(a > b)  # Output: True

# Logical
print(a > 5 and b < 5)  # Output: True

# Membership
fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
print("apple" in fruits)  # Output: True

# Identity
x = [1, 2, 3]
y = x
print(x is y)  # Output: True

Understanding operators allows you to perform a wide range of operations and make your Python programs dynamic and functional.